Blog Post – The Great Exhibition of 1851

On the 1st day of May in 1851, The Great Exhibition opened at the Crystal Palace in Hyde Park, London. Sir Joseph Paxton was an English botanist and architect who designed the enormous 19-acre Crystal Palace where the Great Exhibition took place. Queen Victoria’s husband, Prince Albert was the brain work behind this world wide exhibition that was designed to prove a showcase for the “world’s most advanced inventions, manufactures and works of art” (BBC History, 2014) at the time. Although Prince Albert was the driving force behind this event, equal amount of praise for organizing the remarkable event is owed to Henry Cole, as well. Henry Cole held the day job of an assistant record keeper at the Public Records Office, although his résumé also consisted of writing, editing and publishing journals. As a council member of the Society of Arts In 1846, Henry Cole was introduced to Prince Albert whereas, together, they received a Royal Carter for the society and then changed its name to the Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufacturers and Commerce. The society held relatively small sized exhibitions to consistently promote their cause, the government of their day held little interest in the concept of an exhibition though Henry and Albert continued to develop their idea. They intended it to be for All Nations, the greatest collection of art in industry, “for the purpose of exhibition of competition and encouragement” (Historic UK, 2019) while also generating enough income to finance itself. The Great Exhibition included every prodigy of the Victorian era such as pottery, ironwork, furniture, perfumes, pianos, firearms, fabrics, hydraulic presses and even the odd house or two. The original aim of the event was to celebrate the art in industry for the benefit of All Nations, though it happened to be more of a showcase for British manufacturing as more than half the 100,000 exhibits displayed with from Britain or the British Empire. In addition to the successful event, the opening of the Great Exhibition had coincidentally occurred during the same time as another great innovation of the Industrial Revolution. The massive amounts of people who came to visit the Great Exhibition used the new railway lines that opened in 1850, which had nearly 7,000 miles of track linking London with the towns throughout the country of the Midlands and the North. Spanning five summer months from May 1st, 1851 – October 15th, 1851 and attracting nearly six million visitors through the crystal palace doors, Britain had advertised a message to the rest of the world. The Great Exhibition aimed to exceed their superiority that their exhibition must be bigger and better than anything France could organize, while also marking the peak of British economic dominance. The Great Exhibition symbolized the success and achievement that Britain had after the Industrial Revolution & that they were to become a prevailing 19th century constituent.